Numerical modeling of long-term earthquake sequences on the NE Japan megathrust: comparison with observations and implications for fault friction

We use numerical modeling to investigate fault properties that explain key features of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake as well as the overall regional behavior of the NE Japan Megathrust. In particular, we study the possibility that slip near the trench resulted from thermal pressurization on a shallow patch of the megathrust, and investigate whether low-velocity friction on that patch is ratestrengthening or rate-weakening. Our models also contain a deeper rate-weakening patch, not prone to efficient thermal pressurization, to account for the moderate-sized interplate seismicity. We produce earthquake sequences and aseismic slip in our models using 2D dynamic simulations that incorporate shear-induced temperature variations and the associated change in pore fluid pressure to capture thermal pressurization. We find that all our models can reproduce more frequent deeper moderate (Mw 7.5) events and less frequent larger events with substantial slip at shallow depth, as observed along the Fukushima-Miyagi segment of the Japan megathrust. However, only the scenario with a sufficiently rate-strengthening patch can match the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, 91125 Pasadena, USA Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ISTerre, Grenoble, France Now at Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7193, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France